Plants and seeds of sorghum variety GSV142316

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to the  sorghum  variety designated GSV142316. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the  sorghum  variety GSV142316. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the  sorghum  variety GSV142316 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing  sorghum  plants by crossing the  sorghum  variety GSV142316 with itself or another  sorghum  variety and plants produced by such methods.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to a new sorghum line,designated GSV142316, as well as to seed, plants, cultivars, and hybridsrelated thereto. The invention also relates to methods for producingsorghum seeds and plants from GSV142316.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an embodiment, the invention is directed to a seed or plant ofsorghum variety GSV142316. The invention also relates, in an embodiment,to a method of producing a plant of variety GSV142316 comprising anadded desired trait, the method comprising introducing a transgeneconferring the desired trait into a plant of variety GSV142316.

Other methods embodied in the invention include a method plant breedingcomprising: a) crossing a plant of sorghum variety GSV142316 with asecond plant comprising a desired single locus to produce F₁ progenyplants; b) selecting at least a first progeny plant from step (a) thatcomprises the single locus to produce a selected progeny plant; c)crossing the selected progeny plant from step (b) with a plant ofsorghum variety GSV142316 to produce at least a first backcross progenyplant that comprises the single locus; and d) repeating steps (b) and(c) with the first backcross progeny plant produced from step (c) usedin place of the first progeny plant of step (b) during said repeating,wherein steps (b) and (c) are repeated until at least a backcrossprogeny plant is produced comprising the desired single locus.

Still further, in an embodiment, the invention relates to a method ofproducing an inbred plant derived from the variety GSV142316, the methodcomprising the steps of: preparing a progeny plant derived from varietyGSV142316, by crossing a plant of the variety GS with a plant of asecond variety; crossing the progeny plant with itself or a second plantto produce a seed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generation; growinga progeny plant of a subsequent generation from said seed and crossingthe progeny plant of a subsequent generation with itself or a secondplant; and repeating the crossing step and the growing step for anadditional three or more generations with sufficient inbreeding toproduce an inbred plant derived from the variety GSV142316.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following definitions apply to the terms used herein:

The characteristic level of a trait that is presented as a rating isindicated or measured using the following 1 through 9 rating scale: 1 to2 indicates excellent, 3 to 4 indicates very good, 5 to 6 indicatesgood, 7 to 8 indicates fair, and 9 indicates poor. This scale is usedfor all traits unless specifically indicated otherwise.

Agronomic Rating. Agronomic rating is a composite rating whereconsideration is given to all agronomic characteristics that are inevidence at the location where the rating is made.

Allele. An allele is a variant of a DNA sequence at a given locus.

Alter. The term alter or alteration refers to the utilization ofup-regulation, down-regulation, or gene silencing.

Anther Color. Anther color is a description of the color of the antherson the day they are shedding pollen. The color is generally described asyellow, red, or mottled but other colors and descriptions are possible.

Anthocyanin Presence. Anthocyanin presence will be indicated by purpleor red coloration in the stalk and leaves, particularly where damage totissue has occurred. Anthocyanin presence is indicated as present or notpresent.

Awns. Awns are bristles arising from a spikelet part. Some lines have avery small awn, called a tip awn. Awn presence is indicated as presentor not present.

Backcrossing. Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder repeatedlycrosses hybrid progeny back to one of the parents. For example, a firstgeneration hybrid F₁ may be crossed with one of the parental genotypesof the F₁ hybrid.

Barren Plants. Plants that are barren are those that lack a head withgrain or that have only a few seeds.

Bloom 10%. Bloom 10% refers to the number of days from planting to whena line in a nursery row or field has completed 10% of the bloomingprocess.

Bloom 50%. Bloom 50% refers to the number of days from planting to whena line in a nursery row or field has completed 50% of the bloomingprocess.

Bloom 90%. Bloom 90% refers to the number of days from planting to whena line in a nursery row or field has completed 90% of the bloomingprocess.

Cell. Cell, as used herein, includes a plant cell, whether isolated, intissue culture, or incorporated into a plant or plant part.

Charcoal Rot Resistance. Charcoal rot resistance refers to a visualrating of a variety's resistance to Charcoal Rot disease.

Chinch Bug Resistance. Chinch bug resistance refers to a visual ratingof the sorghum plant's ability to grow normally when infested with alarge number of chinch bugs.

Color Intensity Score. Color Intensity score is a rating of theintensity and brightness of color for a particular variety.

Days to Flower. Days to flower refers to the predicted number of days,measured from the time of planting, required for flowers of a variety tobloom. Days to flower for the same variety may vary depending on theenvironment in which it is grown.

Days to Harvest. Days to harvest refers to the predicted number of days,measured from the time of planting, required for a variety to be readyfor harvest. Days to harvest for the same variety may vary depending onthe environment in which it is grown.

Downy Mildew Resistance. Downy mildew resistance refers to a visualrating of a variety's resistance to races 1, 3, and/or 6 of DownyMildew, a fungal disease that infects sorghum plants.

Endosperm Color. Endosperm color is described as white or yellow.

Endosperm Texture. Endosperm Texture is described as vitreous, floury,or intermediate.

Elite Sorghum Hybrid. An elite sorghum hybrid is a sorghum hybrid whichhas been sold commercially.

Elite Sorghum Parent Line. An elite sorghum line is a sorghum line whichis the parent line of a sorghum hybrid which has been sold commercially.

Embryo. The embryo is the small plant contained within a mature seed.

Essentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristics.This phrase refers to a plant having essentially all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of the referenced plantor variety, as determined at a 5% significance level for quantitativedata.

Fusarium Head Blight Resistance*. Fusarium Head Blight Resistance refersto a visual rating of a variety's resistance to Fusarium Head Blightdisease, which is caused by Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.

Gene. As used herein, gene refers to a segment of nucleic acid. A genecan be introduced into a genome of a species, whether from a differentspecies or from the same species, using transformation or variousbreeding methods.

Genetic Complement. The phrase genetic complement is used to refer tothe aggregate of nucleotide sequences, the expression of which sequencesdefines the phenotype of a plant, or a cell or tissue of that plant.

Gene Silencing. Gene silencing means the interruption or suppression ofthe expression of a gene at the level of transcription or translation.

Genotype. Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of a cell ororganism.

Glume Color. The glume refers to one of a pair of empty scales at thebase of a spikelet. Glume color is described as tan, mahogany, red,purple, or black.

Grain Set Under Bags. Grain set under bags is a measure of the selffertility of a plant. Pollinating bags are placed over the panicle priorto the initiation of flowering and remain in place until seed set can bedetermined, generally three weeks or more after flowering has beencompleted. At that time a percentage rating of seed set is made. Thiscan range from 0% (indicating the plant is pollen sterile) to 100%(indicating full pollen fertility). Intermediate ratings can indicatevarying levels of partial fertility.

Grain Weathering Resistance. Grain weathering resistance refers to avisual rating of how well the exposed grains in the sorghum head areable to retain normal seed quality when exposed to normal weatherhazards and surface molds.

Greenbug Resistance. Greenbug resistance refers to a visual rating of avarieties resistance to one or more biotypes of the greenbug insectpest. Resistance to a particular biotype is indicated by “E” (Biotype E)and/or “I” (Biotype I).

Head Smut Resistance. Head smut resistance refers to a visual rating ofa variety's resistance to this fungal disease that infects sorghumplants. The rating is based on the percentage of smut-infected plants.

Height Uniformity. Height uniformity is a rating of the uniformity ofthe height of all of the main heads and tillers for a variety.

Leaf Attitude. Leaf attitude refers to an indicator of the attitude ofthe leaves with reference to the stalk, where “E” indicates erect (leafangle [panicle to leaf axil to leaf midrib] less than about 45 degrees),“SE” indicates semi-erect (leaf angle of about 45-80 degrees), and “H”indicates horizontal (leaf angle of about 80 degrees or greater).

Leaf Color Intensity. The leaf color intensity is described as the colorintensity from very light to very dark.

Leaf Length and Width. Leaf length and width is measured by selectingthe largest leaf, after flowering, on a representative sample of plantsand measuring the maximum length and width in inches. Generally, thiswill be a leaf towards the middle of the plant.

Leaf Number. Leaf number is measured by counting the total number ofleaves on the plant after flowering. Some of the first leaves may havedeteriorated by that time, so an estimate can be made.

Locus. A locus is the specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on achromosome.

Maturity. The maturity of a variety is measured as the number of daysbetween planting and physiological maturity.

Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV). MDMV refers to a visual rating of avariety's resistance to the Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus, type “A.”

Mid-Rib Color. Mid-rib color can be described as white, cloudy,intermediate, or brown. White indicates a dry mid-rib and stalk, whilecloudy indicates that they are juicy. Brown indicates the presence of amutant allele that conditions for a reduced amount of lignin in theplant.

Panicle Appearance Rating. Panicle Appearance Rating is a rating of theoverall panicle appearance that includes panicle type, panicle length,panicle diameter, grain color, grain color intensity, grain weathering,seed size, glume size, presence or absence of panicle diseases (i.e.fusarium head blight), and other criteria that may be important for agiven environment.

Panicle Branch Attitude. Panicle branch attitude is an indicator of theattitude of the panicle branch with reference to the stalk, where “E”indicates erect (panicle branch angle [central rachis to panicle branchaxil to panicle branch] less than about 45 degrees), “SE” indicatessemi-erect (panicle branch angle of about 45-80 degrees), and “H”indicates horizontal (panicle branch angle of about 80 degrees orgreater).

Panicle Blasting Percent. Panicle blasting percent is the percentage offlorets in a panicle aborted by a sorghum plant. This data is usuallyrecorded on cytoplasmic male sterile lines and is influenced by genotypeand environment. Presence of this condition is a deleterious trait forcommercial seed production.

Panicle Branch Length. Panicle Branch Length is measured by selectingpanicle branches from the middle of the panicle, which are generally thelongest, and measuring the length in inches.

Panicle Diameter. Panicle Branch Diameter is a measurement, in inches,of the largest part of the panicle at the stage when grain is fullymature.

Panicle (or Head) Exsertion. Panicle (or Head) Exsertion is a 1 to 9rating representing the length of the peduncle exposed between the baseof the panicle (head) and the flag leaf of the plant. A high scoreindicates more distance between the flag leaf and the sorghum head,while a low score indicates a short distance between the two.

Panicle Length. Panicle length is the length of the panicle, in inches,from the attachment point of the lowest branch to the tip of theuppermost branch in its normal orientation.

Panicle (or Head) Type. Panicle (or Head) Type is an indicator of themorphology of a sorghum plant's head (panicle), where “O” indicates anopen panicle characterized by either more distance between the paniclebranches or longer panicle branches; “SO” indicates a less open panicle;“SC” indicates a semi-compact panicle caused by shorter panicle branchesarranged more closely on the central rachis; and “C” indicates a verycompact panicle caused by very short panicle branches arranged tightlyon the central rachis.

Panicle Shape. Panicle shape is an indicator of the shape of a sorghumplant's head (panicle), where “C” indicates cylindrical, “E” indicateselliptical, “O” indicates oval, and “R” indicates round.

Plant. As used herein, the term plant includes reference to an immatureor mature whole plant, including a plant from which seed or grain oranthers have been removed.

Plant Color. Plant color results from the presence or absence ofanthocyanin pigments in the stalks and other organs of sorghum plants.The type and degree of coloration is determined by genotype and issomewhat subject to growing conditions, but varieties typically showvarying degrees of coloration ranging from: absent (tan plant) to verystrong (deep purple coloration). Ratings generally are tan, red, orpurple.

Plant Height. Plant height refers to the average height of the plant atthe end of flowering, assuming the plant is not lodged. This varies fromvariety to variety and although it can be influenced by environment,relative comparisons between varieties grown side by side are useful forvariety identification. Plant height is measured in inches, from theground to the tip of the panicle.

Plant Parts. As used herein, the term plant parts (or “sorghum plant, ora part thereof”) includes, but is not limited to, protoplasts, leaves,stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, stigmas, panicles, seeds, grains,embryos, pollen, ovules, flowers, shoots, tissue, cells, andmeristematic cells.

Pollen Shed Rating. Pollen shed rating is a visual rating made duringflowering indicating the amount of pollen shed, on a scale of 1 to 9,where 1 indicates heavy pollen shed and 9 indicates no pollen shed.

Pre-Flower Stress Tolerance. Pre-flower stress tolerance is a visualrating of the stress tolerance of a sorghum plant before flowering.Symptoms that indicate poor pre-flower stress tolerance include poorpanicle exertion, delayed panicle development, panicle exsertion, andflowering, and in extreme cases, abortion of the panicle.

Post-Flower Stress Tolerance. Post-flower stress tolerance is a ratingof the stress tolerance of a sorghum plant after flowering. Symptomsthat indicate poor post-flower stress tolerance include varying degreesof senescence of leaves starting with the lower leaves, pre-dispositionand infection by stalk rot organisms such as Charcoal Rot (Macrophominaphaseolina), and varying degrees of stalk lodging.

Post-Freeze Standability. Post-freeze standability is a rating of thestandability of a sorghum plant after a freeze.

Regeneration. Regeneration refers to the development of a plant fromtissue culture.

Relative Maturity. Relative maturity (RM) for a variety is based on thepredicted number of days required for an inbred line or hybrid to reachthe blooming stage from the time of planting. The RM rating is relativeto a set of known check varieties and is determined using standardlinear regression analysis.

Resistance to Lodging. Resistance to lodging is a visual rating(relative to check varieties) of a variety's ability to stand up in thefield under high yield conditions and severe environmental factors. Avariety can have good (remains upright), fair, or poor (falls over)resistance to lodging. The degree of resistance to lodging is notexpressed under all conditions but is most meaningful when there is somedegree of lodging in a field trial.

Root Lodging. Root lodging is the percentage of lodged plants of avariety caused by an inadequate root support system. If the stem of theplant leans at an angle of approximately 30 degrees or more fromvertical, the plant is considered to be root lodged.

Seed Coat Color. The color of the seed coat can be variety-specific andcan be red, brown, white, or yellow for inbred lines. For hybrids, theseed coat color may also be cream (from a white×yellow cross) and bronze(from a red×yellow cross).

Seeds per Pound. Seeds per pound refers to the number of seeds per poundof grain for a representative sample.

Seedling Vigor. Seedling vigor is a visual rating of the amount ofvegetative growth. The rating is usually taken when the average entry inthe trial is at the two- to three-leaf stage.

Selection Index. The selection index provides a single measure of avariety's performance based on a composite of multiple traits. A sorghumbreeder may utilize his or her own set of traits for the selectionindex. Two of the traits usually included are yield and days to flower(relative maturity). The selection index data presented herein representthe mean values averaged across testing locations.

Single Gene Converted (Conversion). Single gene conversion or a singlegene converted plant refers to plants that are developed bybackcrossing, genetic engineering, or mutation, wherein essentially allof the physiological and morphological characteristics of a variety arerecovered, in addition to the single gene transferred into the varietyvia the backcrossing technique, genetic engineering, or mutation.

Sorghum Midge Resistance. Sorghum Midge Resistance refers to a visualrating of a variety's resistance to sorghum midge, an insect pest thataffects seed set by infecting the head.

Stalk Lodging. Stalk lodging refers to the percentage of lodged plantsof a variety caused by stalks breaking above the ground due to naturalcauses.

Staygreen. Staygreen refers to a visual rating of a variety's ability toretain green leaf tissue. Ratings are most valuable in the presence ofheat and/or drought stress during the grain fill period.

Testweight. Testweight is a measure of the weight (in pounds) of thegrain harvested from a variety for a given volume (bushel), adjusted toa standard grain moisture content.

Threshability. Threshability refers to a visual rating (relative tocheck varieties) of the tendency of the seed of a variety to thresh freefrom the glumes.

Tillering. Tillering is a measure of the development of shoots from budsat the base of the main stem. This can be expressed as a visual rating(on a scale of 1 to 9, with 1 being a high degree of tillering and 9being no tillering. This can also be expressed as an actual number oftillers per plant.

Tissue Culture. Tissue culture encompasses all cultural techniques inwhich a composition comprising embryonic issues, tissue fragments,calli, isolated cells or protoplasts of the same or a different type, ora collection of such cells are organized into a culture for theregeneration of functional plants or plant parts.

Yield. This term refers to the actual yield (measured in pounds peracre) of the grain harvested from a unit area for a variety, adjusted toa standard 13% grain moisture content.

Yield Under Stress. Yield under stress is a rating of the yield of grainharvested from a unit area when such unit area is under stress, forexample, from drought or heat. This can be determined by comparing thepoints where regression lines intersect the y axis for different hybridswhen yield for the individual hybrids is regressed against the averageyield for all hybrids in the tests. A high value for y axis interceptindicates a drought and stress tolerant hybrid whereas a low valueindicates poor drought and stress tolerance.

Reference now will be made in detail to the embodiments of theinvention, one or more examples of which are set forth below. Eachexample is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not alimitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be madein the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit ofthe invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as partof one embodiment, can be used on another embodiment to yield a stillfurther embodiment.

Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers suchmodifications and variations as come within the scope of the appendedclaims and their equivalents. Other objects, features and aspects of thepresent invention are disclosed in or are obvious from the followingdetailed description. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art that the present discussion is a description of exemplaryembodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects ofthe present invention.

Sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) have both male (anthers)and female (stigma) reproductive parts located in the same flower in thepanicle. Natural pollination occurs in sorghum when anthers shed pollenand pollen falls onto receptive stigmata. Because of the close proximityof the anthers and stigmata in the panicle, the rate of self pollinationis very high (average 94%).

In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a sorghum plant ofthe variety designated GSV142316. The inbred sorghum plant varietydesignated GSV142316 was derived from an initial cross between the linesGSV415986 and GSV648384. The origin and breeding history of the sorghumvariety designated GSV142316 can be summarized as follows:

-   Summer 2001 at Mt. Hope, Kans.: The inbred line GSV415986 B (a    proprietary Monsanto Company inbred) was crossed to the inbred line    GSV648384 B (a proprietary Monsanto Company inbred) using a wet    pollen emasculation between nursery rows DF64 and DF80 in Nursery #3    to produce an F₁.-   Winter 2001-2002 in Puerto Rico: The F₁ was grown and self    pollinated using open pollination in nursery row PR862 to produce F₂    seed.-   Summer 2002 at Mt. Hope, Kans.: The F₂ was grown in nursery rows    F2-389 to F2-390. It was self pollinated using open pollination and    the F₃ selection was made. In this and in subsequent selection    opportunities yield, stalk quality, root quality, disease tolerance,    pollen shedding ability, insect tolerance, plant height, head    exsertion, and stress tolerance were some of the criteria used to    determine which plants were selected.-   Summer 2003 at Mt. Hope, Kans.: The F₃ was grown in nursery row    F3-790. It was self pollinated using open pollination and the F₄    selection was made.-   Summer 2004 at Lubbock, Tex.: The F₄ was grown in nursery row 04 06    41 41 TXLU04NURB_00056_00022. It was self pollinated using open    pollination and the F₅ selection was made. The MSC0 generation of    the A Line was also produced in this nursery by collecting pollen    from nursery row 04 06 41 41 TXLU04NURB_00056_00022 and using it to    pollinate bagged sterile heads in GSV648384 A in nursery row 04 06    41 41 TXLU04NURB_00056_00023.-   Summer 2005 at Lubbock, Tex.: The MSC0 and F₅ A/B pair was grown in    nursery rows 05 05 41 41 TXLUNURA_00045_00090 and 05 05 41 41    TXLUNURA_00045_00091 respectively. Sterile heads in the MSC0 Line    were pollinated by the F₅ B Line to produce MSC1 seed. The B Line    was self pollinated using pollinating bags and the F₆ selection was    made.-   Summer 2006 at Mt. Hope, Kans.: The MSC1 and F₆ A/B pair was grown    in nursery rows 06 04 92 92 KSMH3B_00035_00017 and 06 04 92 92    KSMH3B_00035_00018 respectively. Sterile heads in the MSC1 Line were    pollinated by the F₆ B Line to produce MSC2 seed. The B Line was    self pollinated using pollinating bags and the F₇ selection was    made.-   Winter 2007 at Puerto Vallarta, Mexico: The MSC2 and F₇ A/B pair was    grown in nursery rows 07 12 92 92 JAPV1_00036_00003 and 07 12 92 92    JAPV1_00036_00004 respectively. Sterile heads in the MSC2 Line were    pollinated by the F₇ B Line to produce MSC3 seed. The B Line was    self pollinated using pollinating bags and the F₈ selection was    made. The B Line was coded in March 2010 and the F₈ B Line was    designated GSV142316.-   Summer 2008 at Mt. Hope, Kans.: The MSC3 and F₈ A/B pair was grown    in nursery rows 08 04 92 92 KSMH2A_00012_00039 and 08 04 92 92    KSMH2A_00012_00040 respectively. Sterile heads in the MSC3 Line were    pollinated by the F₈ B Line to produce MSC4 seed. The B Line was    self pollinated using pollinating bags and the F₉ selection was    made.-   Winter 2008 at Puerto Vallarta, Mexico: The MSC4 and F₉ A/B pair was    grown in nursery rows 08 12 92 92 JAPV1A_00002_00048 and 08 12 92 92    JAPV1A_00002_00049 respectively. Sterile heads in the MSC4 Line were    pollinated by the F₉ B Line to produce MSC5 seed. The B Line was    self pollinated using pollinating bags and the F₁₀ selection was    made.-   Summer 2009 at Mt. Hope, Kans.: The MSC5 and F₁₀ A/B pair was grown    in nursery rows 09 04 92 92 KSMH1_00015_00029 and 09 04 92 92    KSMH1_00015_00030 respectively. Sterile heads in the MSC5 Line were    pollinated by the F₁₀ B Line to produce MSC6 seed. The B Line was    self pollinated using pollinating bags and the F₁₁ selection was    made.-   Winter 2009 at Puerto Vallarta, Mexico: The MSC6 and F₁₁ A/B pair    was grown in nursery rows 09 12 92 92 JAPVBLK1_00011_00007 and 09 12    92 92 JAPVBLK1_00011_00008 respectively. Sterile heads in the MSC6    Line were pollinated by the F₁₁ B Line to produce MSC7 seed. The B    Line was self pollinated using pollinating bags and the F₁₂    selection was made.-   Summer 2010 at Mt. Hope, Kans.: The MSC7 and F₁₂ A/B pair was grown    in nursery rows 10 04 92 92 KSMH3C_00053_00025 and 10 04 92 92    KSMH3C_00053_00026 respectively. Sterile heads in the MSC7 Line were    pollinated by the F₁₂ B Line to produce MSC8 seed. The B Line was    self pollinated using pollinating bags and the F₁₃ selection was    made.-   Winter 2010 in Villa Hidalgo, Mexico: An MSC7 derived bulk in the    MSC8 was grown in 30 nursery rows (10 12 92 92 NAVH3_00001_00001    through 10 12 92 92 NAVH3_00030_00001) with the row source    designation of 10 04 92 92 KSMH3C_00053_00025_@_>. It was bagged and    crossed by the F₁₃ B Line and sufficient bulk seed was generated (an    MSC7 derived bulk in the MSC9) to plant a seedstock increase and a    pilot hybrid production block in 2011. An F₁₂ derived bulk in the    F₁₃ was grown in 30 nursery rows (10 12 92 92 NAVH3_00001_00013    through 10 12 92 92 NAVH3_00030_00013) with the row source    designation of 10 04 92 92 KSMH3C_00053_00026_@_. It was self    pollinated using pollinating bags and sufficient bulk seed was    generated (an F₁₂ derived bulk in the F₁₄) to plant a seedstock    increase block in 2011. Seed increases from that point forward were    conducted by the production department.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to sorghum plants having all oressentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof the inbred sorghum variety GSV142316. In an embodiment, thephysiological and morphological characteristics of the inbred sorghumvariety are set forth in Table 1. Sorghum variety GSV142316 has shownacceptable levels of uniformity and stability, within the limits ofenvironmental influence, for the traits described in Table 1. Sorghumvariety GSV142316 has been self-pollinated and head-rowed a sufficientnumber of generations to ensure homozygosity and phenotypic stability.In certain categories of variety description information, sorghumvariety GSV142316 has been compared to sorghum varieties TX2737 andOK11.

TABLE 1 Physiological and Morphological Characteristics for SorghumVariety GSV142316 and Comparative Check Varieties VALUE** CHARACTERISTICGSV142316 TX2737 OK11 1.A. STALK Plant Height (in.) 46.0 51.3 43.7 HeadExsertion 4.0 4.7 3.7 Anthocyanin Presence Yes Yes Yes Tillering 4.0 5.75.0 1.B. LEAF Color Medium Medium Dark Medium Light Length (in.) 27.025.0 24.5 Width (in.) 2.8 2.5 3.0 No. per Stalk 13 11 12 Mid Rib Color(e.g. cloudy) Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Color Pattern (e.g. solid) SolidSolid Solid Attitude SE E SE 1.C. HEAD Panicle Type SC SC SO PanicleShape E C E Panicle Length (in.) 9.0 12.5 12.0 Panicle Branch Attitude EE SE Panicle Branch Length (in.) 2.0 2.25 3.0 Grain Set Under Bags0%* >95% 0%* Panicle Blasting Percent 1%*  0% 3%* Pollen Shed Rating9.0* 2.7 9.0* 1.D. GRAIN Glume Color Tan Tan Purple Awns (e.g. presentor absent) Present Absent Absent Seeds per Pound 14,346 15,564 12,720Grain Color Red Yellow White Test Weight (lbs per bu) 60.2 60.1 59.1Endosperm Color White White White Endosperm Texture IntermediateVitreous Intermediate Threshability 3 2 3 Grain Weathering Resistance 34 4 1.E. DISEASE TOLERANCE Downy Mildew - pathotype 1 n/a 9.0 9.0 DownyMildew - pathotype 3 9.0 9.0 9.0 Downy Mildew - pathotype 6 9.0 9.0 9.0Head Smut - Race 1 3.0 4.0 5.0 Charcoal Rot 2.0 3.0 2.0 Fusarium HeadBlight 4.0 4.0 6.0 1.F. INSECT RESISTANCE Sorghum Midge 9.0 9.0 9.0 1.G.PLANT GROWTH Seedling Vigor 4.4 5.0 6.3 Plant Color Purple Purple PurpleStaygreen 2.0 3.0 2.0 Height Uniformity 3.0 3.3 2.7 Root Lodging 1.5 3.03.0 Pre-Flower Stress Tolerance 4.0 2.0 3.0 Post-Flower Stress Tolerance3.0 3.0 2.0 Post-Freeze Standability 1.5 3.0 3.0 Yield Under Stress 4.02.0 3.0 Bloom 10% 77.0 70.8 82.0 Bloom 50% 79.0 73.7 84.2 Bloom 90% 81.076.5 86.8 Agronomic Rating 2.9 2.8 3.3 *Values for A Line **These aretypical values. Values may vary due to environment.

In an embodiment, the GSV142316 sorghum plants of the invention areinbred. Inbred GSV142316 sorghum plants can be produced by planting theseeds of the inbred sorghum plant designated GSV142316 and growing theresulting sorghum plants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinatingconditions with adequate isolation, using standard techniques well knownto an artisan skilled in the agricultural arts.

In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides a method ofproducing an inbred sorghum plant derived from the sorghum varietydesignated GSV142316, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparinga progeny plant derived from sorghum variety GSV142316, wherein saidpreparing comprises crossing a plant of the sorghum variety GSV142316with a second sorghum plant; (b) crossing the progeny plant with itselfor a second plant to produce a seed of a progeny plant of a subsequentgeneration; (c) growing a progeny plant of a subsequent generation fromsaid seed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generation and crossing theprogeny plant of a subsequent generation with itself or a second plant;and (d) repeating the steps for an additional 3 to 10 generations toproduce an inbred sorghum plant derived from the sorghum varietyGSV142316. In the method, it may be desirable to select particularplants resulting from step (c) for continued crossing according to steps(b) and (c). By selecting plants having one or more desirable traits, aninbred sorghum plant derived from the sorghum variety GSV142316 may beobtained which possesses some or essentially all of the desirable traitsof sorghum variety GSV142316 as well as potentially other selectedtraits. In a particular embodiment, the invention comprises an eliteGSV142316 sorghum parent plant or line.

In yet another embodiment, the invention is directed to parts of theGSV142316 sorghum plant. Any part of the GSV142316 sorghum plant iscontemplated in this embodiment. In an embodiment, the plant part maycomprise pollen obtained from a GSV142316 sorghum plant. In stillanother embodiment, the invention comprises seed of the GSV142316sorghum plant. Seeds can be harvested from a GSV142316 plant usingstandard, well-known procedures.

In an embodiment, the seeds are inbred GSV142316 seeds. Inbred sorghumseed of the invention may be provided as an essentially homogeneouspopulation of inbred sorghum seed of the variety designated GSV142316.Essentially homogeneous populations of inbred seed may be free fromsubstantial numbers of seeds that are significantly different on agenetic basis. In an embodiment of the present invention, inbred seedmay form greater than about 97% of the total seed. In an embodiment, thepopulation of inbred sorghum seed of the invention may be essentiallyfree from hybrid seed. In some embodiments, the inbred seed populationmay be grown separately from any hybrid population to provide anessentially homogeneous population of inbred sorghum plants designatedGSV142316.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, a tissue culture ofregenerable cells of a plant of the variety designated GSV142316 isprovided. The regenerable cells in such tissue cultures may be derivedfrom embryos, meristematic cells, microspores, pollen, anthers, stigma,flowers, leaves, stalks, roots, root tips, seeds, or from callus orprotoplasts derived from those tissues. Means for preparing andmaintaining plant tissue cultures are well known in the art.

In an embodiment, the tissue culture may be capable of regeneratingplants capable of expressing all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of the GSV142316 variety, and of regenerating plantshaving substantially the same genotype as other plants of the GSV142316variety. Still further, the present invention provides sorghum plantsregenerated from the tissue cultures of the invention, the plants havingall of the physiological and morphological characteristics of thevariety designated GSV142316.

In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a sorghum hybridcontaining the sorghum variety GSV142316. A sorghum hybrid is the crossof two inbred lines, each of which may have one or more desirablecharacteristics lacked by the other and/or which complement the other.As used herein, crossing can include selfing, backcrossing, crossing toanother or the same inbred, crossing to populations, and the like.

In an embodiment, the sorghum plants can be crossed by either natural ormechanical techniques. Natural pollination occurs in sorghum when windblows pollen from the anthers to receptive stigmata on the same oranother plant. Mechanical pollination can be effected either bycontrolling the types of pollen that can blow onto the receptivestigmata or by pollinating by hand. These techniques are well known inthe art.

Because sorghum is normally a self-pollinated plant and because bothmale and female flowers are in the same panicle, a cytoplasmic malesterile (CMS) inbred may be used to produce large quantities of hybridseed. Cytoplasmic-male sterility is a pollen abortion phenomenondetermined by the interaction between the genes in the cytoplasm and thenucleus. Alteration in the mitochondrial genome and the lack of restorergenes in the nucleus will lead to pollen abortion. With either a normalcytoplasm or the presence of restorer gene(s) in the nucleus, the plantwill produce pollen normally. A CMS plant can be pollinated by amaintainer version of the same variety, which has a normal cytoplasm butlacks the restorer gene(s) in the nucleus, and will continue to be malesterile in the next generation. The male fertility of a CMS plant can berestored in the subsequent generation by crossing it with a plant thatcontains the restorer gene(s) in the nucleus. With the restorer gene(s)in the nucleus, the offspring of the male-sterile plant can producenormal pollen grains and propagate. Thus, in a hybrid seed productionsystem, flowers of a CMS inbred (non-restorer female parent) may befertilized with pollen from a fertile inbred (restorer male parent)carrying genes which restore male fertility in the hybrid (F₁) progeny.

The development of a sorghum hybrid, in an embodiment, may involve thefollowing steps: (1) the formation of “restorer” and “non-restorer”germplasm pools; (2) the selection of superior plants from various“restorer” and “non-restorer” germplasm pools; (3) the selfing of thesuperior plants for one or more generations to produce a series ofinbred lines, which although different from each other, breed true andare highly uniform; (4) the conversion of inbred lines classified asfemales or non-restorers to CMS forms; and (5) crossing the selected CMSfemale inbred lines with selected fertile male inbred lines to producethe hybrid progeny (F₁).

In another embodiment, the development of a sorghum hybrid may involvethe steps of: (1) planting in pollinating proximity seeds of a first andsecond parent sorghum plant (the first and second plant may be distinctinbred plants); (2) cultivating or growing the seeds of the first andsecond parent sorghum plants into plants that bear flowers; (3)emasculating the flowers of either the first or second parent sorghumplant, i.e. physically removing the anthers from the florets prior toblooming of the flowers so as to prevent pollen production or preventingdehiscence of pollen from anthers by introduction and maintenance of ahigh humidity environment by bagging a panicle or portion of a paniclewith a plastic bag prior to blooming (a “wet pollination emasculation”)or by using as the female parent a male sterile plant, thereby providingan emasculated parent sorghum plant; (4) allowing naturalcross-pollination to occur between the first and second parent sorghumplants or mechanically moving pollen from the pollen parent to thepollen sterile seed parent; (5) harvesting seeds produced on theemasculated parent sorghum plant; and, where desired, (6) growing theharvested seed into a sorghum plant, which may be a hybrid sorghumplant.

In one embodiment, the sorghum hybrid containing the variety GSV142316is a single cross hybrid. A single cross sorghum hybrid is the cross oftwo inbred plants, each of which has a genotype that complements thegenotype of the other. In this embodiment, the F₁ hybrid may be morevigorous than its inbred parents. This hybrid vigor, or heterosis, maybe manifested in many polygenic traits, including markedly improvedyields, better stalks, better roots, better uniformity and better insectand disease resistance.

In an embodiment of the invention, either the first or second parentsorghum plants can be from variety GSV142316. Thus, any sorghum plantproduced using sorghum plant GSV142316 forms a part of the invention. Inan embodiment, the parent sorghum plants may be of different varieties.In still another embodiment, the invention comprises an elite hybridcontaining the GSV142316 sorghum plant or line.

Sorghum lines are known to those of skill in the art, any one of whichcould be crossed with sorghum plant GSV142316 to produce a hybrid plant.The hybrid containing the GS sorghum plant of the invention may be an F₁hybrid, an F₂ hybrid, an F₃ hybrid, an F₄ hybrid, an F₅ hybrid, an F₆hybrid, an F₇ hybrid, or any further generation hybrid.

An example of an F₁ hybrid which has been produced with GSV142316 as aparent is the hybrid DKS53-53. Hybrid DKS53-53 was produced by crossinginbred sorghum plant GSV142316 as a female parent with the inbredsorghum plant designated GSV253175 as a male parent.

TABLE 2 Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of SorghumHybrid DKS53-53, a Hybrid Having GSV142316 as One Inbred ParentCHARACTERISTIC VALUE 1. STALK Plant Height (in.) 52 Tillering 7 HeadExsertion 4 Plant Color Purple 2. LEAF Length (in.) 28 Width (in.) 2.25Midrib Color Cloudy Leaf Attitude SE 3. PANICLE Length (in.) 13.0Panicle Branch Length (in.) 4.5 Anther Color Yellow Glume Color SiennaPanicle Type SC Panicle Diameter 3.5 Awns (present or absent) AbsentPanicle Appearance Rating 3 4. GRAIN Endosperm Texture IntermediateEndosperm Color White Grain Color Bronze Color Intensity Score 4 SeedsPer Pound 15,890

Examples of comparative data for DKS53-53 are set forth in Table 3,which presents a comparison of performance data for a hybrid made withGSV142316 as one parent, versus selected commercial hybrids. All thedata in Table 3 represents results across years and locations forresearch and/or strip trials.

TABLE 3 Comparative Data for DKS53-53, a Hybrid Having GSV142316 as OneInbred Parent HYBRID YLD MST STL RTL BLM PUR AGR GSB PHT TWT THRDKS53-53 6,664 14.3 1 0 70 3 3.7 92 50 59.1 4.1 DKS49-45 6,333 13.6 5 169 4 4.2 84 51 59.2 5.1 Differential 331.6 0.7 −4.3 −0.5 1.0 −1.2 −0.58.5 −1.9 −0.1 −1.0 Significance Level ** ** ** NS ** ** ** NS ** NS *DKS53-53 6,544 14.1 0 0 70 3 3.5 92 51 59.3 4.2 DKS53-67 6,270 14.0 1 070 3 3.8 91 50 59.9 4.0 Differential 274.9 0.1 −0.3 −0.1 −0.1 0.0 −0.31.8 0.6 −0.6 0.2 Significance Level ** * NS NS NS NS ** NS ** ** NSDKS53-53 7,986 14.3 1 0 71 3 3.4 91 52 59.6 4.2 DKS54-00 7,186 13.6 1 172 4 4.4 86 53 58.5 4.8 Differential 800.2 0.7 −0.8 −0.3 −1.6 −1.4 −1.15.7 −1.8 1.1 −0.6 Significance Level ** ** * NS ** ** ** NS ** ** NSSignificance levels are indicated as: + = 10%, * = 5%, ** = 1%

Abbreviations Legend Abbreviation Meaning AGR Agronomic Rating BLM Bloom50% FNSC Final Stand Count (actual count) GSB Grain Set under Bags MSTMoisture at harvest (%) NA Not Available NS Not Significant PHT PlantHeight (inches) PSR Pollen Shed Rating PUR Plant Uniformity Rating RTLRoot Lodging (%) SGR Staygreen Rating SI Selection Index (% of check)STL Stock Lodging (%) SVR Seedling Vigor Rating THR Threshability RatingTWT Test Weight (pounds) YLD Yield (bushels/acre)

Another aspect of the invention is a sorghum plant of sorghum varietyGSV142316 further comprising a single locus conversion. In oneembodiment, the sorghum plant is defined as comprising the single locusconversion and otherwise capable of expressing all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of the sorghum variety GSV142316. Inanother embodiment of the invention, a plant of sorghum varietydesignated GSV142316 comprising an added heritable trait is provided.The heritable trait may comprise a genetic locus that is a dominant orrecessive allele. When introduced through transformation, a geneticlocus may comprise one or more transgenes integrated at a singlechromosomal location. In specific embodiments of the invention, an addedgenetic locus confers one or more additional traits. The traitsconferred may include, but are not limited to, male sterility, malefertility, herbicide tolerance or resistance, insect tolerance orresistance, disease tolerance or resistance, fungal tolerance orresistance, waxy starch, enhanced nutritional quality, modified phyticacid metabolism, modified carbohydrate metabolism and modified proteinmetabolism.

In an embodiment, the trait may be cytoplasmically-inherited and may bepassed to progeny through the female parent in a particular cross. Anexemplary cytoplasmically-inherited trait is the male sterility trait. Acytoplasmically-inherited trait may be a naturally-occurring sorghumtrait or a trait introduced through genetic transformation techniques.

In other embodiments, the trait may be conferred by anaturally-occurring sorghum gene introduced into the genome of thevariety designated GSV142316 by backcrossing, a natural or inducedmutation, or a transgene introduced through genetic transformationtechniques. If backcrossing is used in an embodiment, essentially all ofthe physiological and morphological characteristics of a variety may berecovered in addition to a genetic locus transferred into the plant viathe backcrossing technique.

In a backcross procedure, the parental sorghum plant which contributesthe locus or loci for the desired trait is typically termed thenon-recurrent or donor parent. This terminology refers to the fact thatthe non-recurrent parent is used one time in the backcross protocol and,therefore, does not reoccur.

The parental sorghum plant to which the locus or loci from thenon-recurrent parent are transferred is known as the recurrent parent,as it is used for several rounds in the backcrossing protocol. In atypical backcross protocol, the original parent of interest (recurrentparent) is crossed to a second variety (non-recurrent parent) thatcarries the genetic locus of interest to be transferred. The resultingprogeny from this cross are then crossed again to the recurrent parentand the process is repeated until a sorghum plant is obtained whereinessentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof the recurrent parent are recovered in the converted plant, inaddition to the transferred locus from the non-recurrent parent. Thebackcross process may be accelerated by the use of genetic markers, suchas single sequence repeat (SSR), restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism (RFLP), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or amplifiedfragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to identify plants with thegreatest genetic complement from the recurrent parent.

The selection of a suitable recurrent parent is an important step for asuccessful backcrossing procedure. The choice of the particularnon-recurrent parent will depend on the purpose of the backcross. One ofthe major purposes is to add commercially desirable, agronomicallyimportant traits to the plant. The exact backcrossing protocol willdepend on the characteristic or trait being altered to determine anappropriate testing protocol. Although backcrossing methods aresimplified when the characteristic being transferred is a dominantallele, a recessive allele may also be transferred. In this instance itmay be necessary to introduce a test of the progeny to determine whichprogeny carry the desired allele.

As part of the invention, direct selection may be applied where agenetic locus acts as a dominant trait. An example of a dominant traitmay be a herbicide resistance trait, which, in some cases, is inheritedin a dominant fashion. For this selection process, the progeny of theinitial cross may be sprayed with the herbicide prior to thebackcrossing. The spraying eliminates any plants which do not have thedesired herbicide resistance characteristic, and only those plants thathave the herbicide resistance gene are used in the subsequent backcross.This process is then repeated for all additional backcross generations.

It will be understood by those of skill in the art that a transgene neednot be directly transformed into a GSV142316 plant, as techniques forthe production of stably transformed sorghum plants that pass singleloci to progeny by Mendelian inheritance are known in the art. Such locimay, therefore, be passed from parent plant to progeny plants bystandard plant breeding techniques that are well known in the art.Examples of traits that may be introduced into a GSV142316 sorghum plantaccording to the invention are provided below.

A. Male Sterility

In an embodiment, a male sterility trait is introduced into a GSV142316sorghum plant. Any gene conferring male sterility may be utilized inthis embodiment. In a particular embodiment, the male sterility gene maybe herbicide-inducible. Male sterility genes may increase the efficiencywith which hybrids are made, in that they eliminate the need tophysically emasculate the sorghum plant used as a female in a givencross.

Where the employment of male-sterility systems is desired with a sorghumplant in accordance with the invention, it may be beneficial to alsoutilize one or more male-fertility restorer genes. For example, whereCMS is used, hybrid seed production requires three inbred lines: (1) aCMS female parent line having a CMS cytoplasm and possessing no restorergenes (also known as an “A” line); (2) a fertile inbred with normalcytoplasm that possesses no restorer genes, which is isogenic with theCMS line for nuclear genes (also known as a “maintainer line” or “Bline”); and (3) a distinct, fertile, male parent line with normalcytoplasm, carrying fertility restorer genes (also known as the“restorer line” or “R line”). The CMS female parent line is propagatedby pollination with the maintainer line, with all of the progeny beingmale sterile, as the CMS cytoplasm is derived from the female parent.These male sterile plants can then be employed as the female parent inhybrid crosses with the male restorer parent, without the need forphysical emasculation of the male reproductive parts of the femaleparent.

The presence of a male-fertility restorer gene in the male parentresults in the production of fully fertile F₁ hybrid progeny. If norestorer gene is present in the male parent, male-sterile hybrids areobtained. Such hybrids are useful where the vegetative tissue of thesorghum plant is utilized, e.g., for silage, but in most cases, theseeds will be deemed the most valuable portion of the crop. In thesecases, fertility of the hybrids in these crops must be restored.Therefore, one aspect of the current invention concerns plants of thesorghum variety GSV142316 comprising a genetic locus capable ofrestoring male fertility in an otherwise male-sterile plant. Examples ofmale-sterility genes and corresponding restorers which could be employedwith the plants of the invention are known to those of skill in the artof plant breeding.

B. Herbicide Resistance or Tolerance

In an embodiment, a herbicide resistance or tolerance trait isintroduced into a GSV142316 sorghum plant. Any gene conferring herbicideresistance or tolerance may be utilized in this embodiment. In anembodiment, the herbicide resistance or tolerance is for glyphosate,sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, dicamba, glufosinate, phenoxy propionicacid, cyclohexanedione, triazine, benzonitrile, bromoxynil, quizalofop,nicosulfuron, acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides, or1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid-inhibiting herbicides. Numerousherbicide resistance genes are known and may be employed with theinvention.

C. Waxy Starch

In an embodiment, a waxy starch trait is introduced into a GSV142316sorghum plant. Any gene conferring waxy starch characteristics may beutilized in this embodiment. The waxy characteristic is an example of arecessive trait. In this example, the progeny resulting from the firstbackcross generation (BC1) may be grown and selfed. A test may then berun on the selfed seed from the BC1 plant to determine which BC1 plantscarried the recessive gene for the waxy trait.

D. Disease Resistance or Tolerance

In an embodiment, a disease resistance or tolerance trait is introducedinto a GSV142316 sorghum plant. Any gene conferring disease resistanceor tolerance may be utilized in this embodiment. In an embodiment, thegene may confer disease resistance to downy mildew, pathotypes 1, 3, or6; maize dwarf mosaic virus “A”; head smut, race 1; charcoal rot; orfusarium head blight. In an embodiment, the disease may be a viraldisease.

E. Insect Resistance or Tolerance

In an embodiment, an insect resistance or tolerance trait is introducedinto a GSV142316 sorghum plant. Any gene conferring insect resistance ortolerance may be utilized in this embodiment. In an embodiment, suchgene may confer resistance to greenbug, biotype C, E, or I; chinch bug;or sorghum midge.

F. Modified Phytate and Carbohydrate Metabolism

In an embodiment, a trait that confers modified phytate or carbohydratemetabolism is introduced into a GSV142316 sorghum plant. Any geneconferring modified phytate or carbohydrate metabolism may be utilizedin this embodiment. For example, phytate metabolism may be modified byintroduction of a phytase-encoding gene to enhance breakdown of phytate,adding more free phosphate to the transformed plant. A number of genesthat may be used to alter carbohydrate metabolism are well known in theart.

G. Origin and Breeding History of an Exemplary Introduced Trait

GSV548413 A is a conversion of GSV548413 to cytoplasmic male sterility.GSV548413 A was derived using backcross methods. GSV548413 (aproprietary inbred of Monsanto Company) was used as the recurrent parentand GSV160919, a germplasm source carrying A1 cytoplasmic sterility, wasused as the non-recurrent parent. The breeding history of the convertedinbred GSV548413 A can be summarized as follows:

Plainview, TX Nurseries 2003 Made up MSCO: Female row 03 10 41 41TXPLROY_00047_00029; Male row 03 10 41 41 TXPLROY_00013_00033 Plainview,TX Nurseries 2004 MSCO was grown and plants selected for recurrentparent type were backcrossed by GSV548413 B (rows 04 05 41 41TXLUNURA_00039_00077 X 04 05 41 41 TXLUNURA_00039_00078) Plainview, TXNurseries 2005 MSC1 was grown and plants selected for recurrent parenttype were backcrossed by GSV548413 B (rows 05 05 41 41TXLUNURA_00023_00092 X 05 05 41 41 TXLUNURA_00023_00093) Mt. Hope, KSNurseries 2007 MSC2 was grown and plants selected for recurrent parenttype were backcrossed by GSV548413B (rows 07 04 92 92 KSMH3B_00010_00017X 07 04 92 92 KSMH3B_00010_00018) San Juan de Abajo, MX MSC3 was grownand plants selected Nurseries 2007-2008 for recurrent parent type werebackcrossed by GSV548413B (rows 07 12 92 92 JAPV3_00037_00023 X 07 12 9292 JAPV3_00037_00024) Mt. Hope, KS Nurseries 2008 MSC4 was grown andplants selected for recurrent parent type were backcrossed by GSV548413B(rows 08 04 92 92 KSMH4A_00063_00027 X 08 04 92 92 KSMH4A_00063_00028)San Juan de Abajo, MX MSC5 was grown and plants selected Nurseries2008-2009 for recurrent parent type were backcrossed by GSV548413B (rows08 12 92 92 JAPV2A_00046_00001 X 08 12 92 92 JAPV2A_00046_00002) Mt.Hope, KS Nurseries 2009 MSC6 was grown and plants were bulk crossed byGSV548413B to generate approximately one pound of seed (rows 09 04 92 92KSMH1_00017_00001 X 09 04 92 92 KSMH1_00017_00002) Villa Hidalgo, MXNurseries MSC7 was grown and plants were bulk 2009-2010 crossed byGSV548413B to generate approximately 30 pounds of seed for pilot andseedstock production in 2010 (rows 09 12 92 92 JAPVBLK1_00027_00057 to09 12 92 92 JAPVBLK1_00027_00062 and 09 12 92 92 JAPVBLK1_00028_00037 to09 12 92 92 JAPVBLK1_00028_00060 in paired rows)

H. Illustrative Procedures for Introduction of a Desired Trait

As described above, techniques for the production of sorghum plants withadded traits are known in the art. An example of such a procedure forpreparation of a sorghum plant of GSV142316 comprising an added trait isas follows:

-   -   (a) crossing sorghum plant GSV142316 to a second (non-recurrent)        sorghum plant comprising a locus to be converted in sorghum        plant GSV142316;    -   (b) selecting at least a first progeny plant resulting from the        crossing and comprising the locus;    -   (c) crossing the selected progeny to sorghum plant GSV142316;        and    -   (d) repeating steps (b) and (c) until a plant of variety        GSV142316 is obtained comprising the locus.

Following these steps, essentially any locus may be introduced intosorghum variety GSV142316. For example, molecular techniques allowintroduction of any given locus, without the need for phenotypicscreening of progeny during the backcrossing steps. Polymerase chainreaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization are two examples of moleculartechniques that may be used for confirmation of the presence of a givenlocus and thus conversion of that locus.

The present invention additionally provides, in an embodiment, processesof preparing GSV142316 sorghum plants. In accordance with such anembodiment, a first parent sorghum plant may be crossed with a secondparent sorghum plant wherein at least one of the first and secondsorghum plants is the inbred sorghum plant GSV142316. One application ofthe process is in the production of F₁ hybrid plants. Another importantaspect of this process is that it can be used for the development ofnovel inbred lines. For example, the inbred sorghum plant GSV142316could be crossed to any second plant and the resulting hybrid progenyeach selfed for about 5 to 7 or more generations, thereby providing alarge number of distinct, pure-breeding inbred lines. These inbred linescould then be crossed with other inbred or non-inbred lines and theresulting hybrid progeny analyzed for beneficial characteristics. Inthis way, novel inbred lines conferring desirable characteristics couldbe identified. After at least five or more generations, the inbred plantis typically considered genetically pure. Thus, in an embodiment, theinvention comprises genetically pure inbred lines produced from theinbred sorghum plant GSV142316.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the genetic complement ofthe sorghum plant variety designated GSV142316 is provided. A geneticcomplement represents the genetic make up of an inbred cell, tissue orplant. A hybrid genetic complement represents the genetic make up of ahybrid cell, tissue or plant. The invention thus provides sorghum plantcells that have a genetic complement in accordance with the inbredsorghum plant cells disclosed herein, and plants, seeds and diploidplants containing such cells.

In still another embodiment, the present invention provides hybridgenetic complements, as represented by sorghum plant cells, tissues,plants, and seeds, formed by the combination of a haploid geneticcomplement of an inbred sorghum plant of the invention with a haploidgenetic complement of a second sorghum plant, which may be another,distinct inbred sorghum plant. In another aspect, the present inventionprovides a sorghum plant regenerated from a tissue culture thatcomprises a hybrid genetic complement of this invention.

Plant genetic complements may be assessed by genetic marker profiles,and by the expression of phenotypic traits that are characteristic ofthe expression of the genetic complement, e.g., isozyme typing profiles.It is understood that the sorghum variety designated GSV142316 could beidentified by any of the many known techniques such as, for example,Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms, Randomly Amplified PolymorphicDNAs, DNA Amplification Fingerprinting, Sequence Characterized AmplifiedRegions, Arbitrary Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction, AFLPs, and SNPs.

A genetic marker profile of an inbred may be predictive of the agronomictraits of a hybrid produced using that inbred. For example, if an inbredof known genetic marker profile and phenotype is crossed with a secondinbred of known genetic marker profile and phenotype it is possible topredict the phenotype of the F₁ hybrid based on the combined geneticmarker profiles of the parent inbreds. Methods for prediction of hybridperformance from genetic marker data are known in the art. Suchpredictions may be made using any suitable genetic marker, for example,SSRs, RFLPs, AFLPs, SNPs, or isozymes.

SSRs are genetic markers based on polymorphisms in repeated nucleotidesequences, such as microsatellites. A marker system based on SSRs can behighly informative in linkage analysis relative to other marker systemsin that multiple alleles may be present. Another advantage of this typeof marker is that, through use of flanking primers, detection of SSRscan be achieved, for example, by PCR, thereby eliminating the need forlabor-intensive Southern hybridization. PCR detection is conducted usingtwo oligonucleotide primers flanking the polymorphic segment ofrepetitive DNA. Repeated cycles of heat denaturation of the DNA followedby annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences at lowtemperatures, and extension of the annealed primers with DNA polymerase,comprise the major part of the methodology. Following amplification,markers can be scored by gel electrophoresis of the amplificationproducts. Scoring of marker genotype is based on the size (number ofbase pairs) of the amplified segment.

In another embodiment of the invention, the method relates to theproduction of a GSV142316 sorghum plant product. The sorghum plantproduct may be selected from the group consisting of starch, syrup,protein, or any other product known in the art to be made from sorghumplants or plant parts.

A deposit was made of at least 2500 seeds of sorghum variety GSV142316with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 10801 UniversityBoulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110-2209 USA. The deposit was assigned ATCCAccession No. PTA-123419. The date of deposit of the seeds with the ATCCwas Aug. 4, 2016. Access to this deposit will be available during thependency of the application to the Commissioner of Patents andTrademarks and persons determined by the Commissioner to be entitledthereto upon request. The deposit will be maintained in the ATCCDepository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5years after the most recent request, or for the enforceable life of thepatent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomesnonviable during that period. Applicant does not waive any infringementof their rights granted under this patent or under the Plant VarietyProtection Act (7 U.S.C. 2321 et seq.).

All references cited in this specification, including withoutlimitation, all papers, publications, patents, patent applications,presentations, texts, reports, manuscripts, brochures, books, internetpostings, journal articles, and/or periodicals are hereby incorporatedby reference into this specification in their entireties. The discussionof the references herein is intended merely to summarize the assertionsmade by their authors and no admission is made that any referenceconstitutes prior art. Applicants reserve the right to challenge theaccuracy and pertinence of the cited references.

These and other modifications and variations to the present inventionmay be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art, withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which ismore particularly set forth in the appended claims. In addition, itshould be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may beinterchanged in whole or in part. Furthermore, those of ordinary skillin the art will appreciate that the foregoing description is by way ofexample only, and is not intended to limit the invention so furtherdescribed in such appended claims. Therefore, the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims should not be limited to the description of theversions contained therein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A seed of sorghum variety GSV142316, arepresentative sample of seed of said sorghum variety GSV142316 has beendeposited under ATCC Accession No.
 123419. 2. A sorghum plant, or a partthereof, produced by growing the seed of claim
 1. 3. The plant part ofclaim 2, further defined as pollen, an ovule or a cell.
 4. A tissueculture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim
 2. 5. The tissueculture of claim 4, wherein the regenerable cells are produced from aplant part selected from the group consisting of embryos, meristematiccells, pollen, leaves, roots, root tips, anthers, pistils, flowers,seeds, and stalks.
 6. A sorghum plant regenerated from the tissueculture of claim 5, wherein the plant comprises all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of sorghum variety GSV142316.
 7. Amethod of producing a sorghum seed, comprising crossing two sorghumplants and harvesting the resultant sorghum seed, wherein at least oneof the sorghum plants is the sorghum plant of claim
 2. 8. A sorghum seedproduced by the method of claim
 7. 9. A sorghum plant, or a partthereof, produced by growing the seed of claim
 8. 10. A method ofproducing a sorghum plant comprising an added desired trait, said methodcomprising introducing a transgene conferring the desired trait into aplant of sorghum variety GSV142316, wherein a representative sample ofseed of sorghum variety GSV142316 has been deposited under ATCCAccession No.
 123419. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the desiredtrait is selected from the group consisting of male sterility, malefertility, herbicide tolerance or resistance, insect tolerance orresistance, disease tolerance or resistance, fungal tolerance orresistance, waxy starch, enhanced nutritional quality, modified phyticacid metabolism, modified carbohydrate metabolism and modified proteinmetabolism.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the desired trait isherbicide tolerance and the tolerance conferred is to an herbicideselected from the group consisting of glyphosate, sulfonylurea,imidazolinone, dicamba, glufosinate, phenoxy propionic acid,cyclohexanedione, triazine, benzonitrile, bromoxynil, quizalofop,nicosulfuron, acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides, and1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid-inhibiting herbicides.
 13. A plantproduced by the method of claim 10 or a selfed progeny thereof.
 14. Amethod of plant breeding, said method comprising: (a) crossing a plantof sorghum variety GSV142316 with a second plant comprising a desiredsingle locus to produce F₁ progeny plants, representative seed of saidsorghum variety GSV142316 having been deposited under ATCC Accession No.PTA-123419; (b) selecting at least a first progeny plant from step (a)that comprises the single locus to produce a selected progeny plant; (c)crossing the selected progeny plant from step (b) with a plant ofsorghum variety GSV142316 to produce at least a first backcross progenyplant that comprises the single locus; and (d) repeating steps (b) and(c) with the first backcross progeny plant produced from step (c) usedin place of the first progeny plant of step (b) during said repeating,wherein steps (b) and (c) are repeated until at least a backcrossprogeny plant is produced comprising the single locus.
 15. The method ofclaim 14, wherein the single locus confers a trait selected from thegroup consisting of male sterility, male fertility, herbicide toleranceor resistance, insect tolerance or resistance, disease tolerance orresistance, fungal tolerance or resistance, waxy starch, enhancednutritional quality, modified phytic acid metabolism, modifiedcarbohydrate metabolism and modified protein metabolism.
 16. The methodof claim 15, wherein the trait is tolerance to an herbicide selectedfrom the group consisting of glyphosate, sulfonylurea, imidazolinone,dicamba, glufosinate, phenoxy propionic acid, cyclohexanedione,triazine, benzonitrile, bromoxynil, quizalofop, nicosulfuron,acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides, and1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid-inhibiting herbicides.
 17. A plantof sorghum variety GSV142316, further comprising a single locusconversion, representative seed of said sorghum variety GSV142316 havingbeen deposited under ATCC Accession No. 123419, wherein the convertedplant otherwise comprises essentially all of the morphological andphysiological characteristics of sorghum variety GSV142316 when grownunder the same environmental conditions.
 18. A method of producing aninbred plant derived from sorghum variety GSV142316, said methodcomprising the steps of: (a) crossing a plant of sorghum varietyGSV142316 with a second sorghum plant of a different genotype to producehybrid sorghum seed, representative seed of said sorghum varietyGSV142316 having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. 123419; (b)crossing a plant grown from said hybrid sorghum seed with itself or adifferent sorghum plant to produce a seed of a progeny plant of asubsequent generation; (c) growing a progeny plant of a subsequentgeneration from said seed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generationand crossing the progeny plant of a subsequent generation with itself ora second plant to produce a progeny plant of a further subsequentgeneration; and (d) repeating steps (b) and (c) using said progeny plantof a further subsequent generation from step (c) in place of the plantgrown from said hybrid soybean seed in step (b), wherein steps (b) and(c) are repeated with sufficient inbreeding to produce an inbred sorghumplant derived from sorghum variety GSV142316.
 19. A method of producinga plant product comprising obtaining the plant of claim 2, or a partthereof, and producing said plant product therefrom.
 20. The method ofclaim 19, wherein the plant product is selected from the groupconsisting of starch, syrup and protein.